Nibiru

It's completely fictional. Nibiru, or Planet X, was supposed to come by in May of 2003 and cause cataclysmic destruction on the Earth as it passed, but of course that did not happen. It did not happen because no planet did come by. It was, and still is, a hoax.

Nibiru is an old name for Jupiter.

The 2012 Nibiru does not exist. It is a composite of lies, pseudo science, practical jokes, faked scholarship (Sitchin) and abject superstition or delusion (Lieder).

It is also used by unscrupulous authors and TV show producers to make money from a credulous audience and from TV networks that don't give a tuppenny damn what they transmit as long as it is in focus and the sound is OK. I refer of course to the Fox organisation.

How volcanoes erupt
	Volcano formation Volcanoes often form where plates meet and one is forced under the other - known as subduction. Molten rock - magma - finds its way into the upper crust at weak points. Dissolved gases in the magma expand as it gets closer to the surface. Eventually the pressure becomes too much for the surface rock to take and the volcano erupts.

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly; the rocks catch on each other. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs. During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (on top of the ground) is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Try this little experiment:

Break a block of foam rubber in half. Put the pieces on a smooth table. Put the rough edges of the foam rubber pieces together. While pushing the two pieces together lightly, push one piece away from you along the table top while pulling the other piece toward you. See how they stick? Keep pushing and pulling smoothly. Soon a little bit of foam rubber along the crack (the fault) will break and the two pieces will suddenly slip past each other. That sudden breaking of the foam rubber is the earthquake. That's just what happens along a strike-slip fault.

Earthquake-like seismic waves can also be caused by explosions underground. These explosions may be set off to break rock while making tunnels for roads, railroads, subways, or mines. These explosions, however, don't cause very strong seismic waves. You may not even feel them. Sometimes seismic waves occur when the roof or walls of a mine collapse. These can sometimes be felt by people near the mine. The largest underground explosions, from tests of nuclear warheads (bombs), can create seismic waves very much like large earthquakes. This fact has been exploited as a means to enforce the global nuclear test ban, because no nuclear warhead can b

The way volcanoes erupt usually takes a long time and this is how volcanoes erupt.  First a volcano makes something called magma from melted rock.  The magma goes through a circulation.  It has to form at the bottom of the volcano and then start its way up the main vent. The main vent is a hole that is in the volcano and when the volcano is ready to erupt the lava is at the top of the main vent.  The magma goes up the main vent slowly while it is still getting hotter.  When the magma is about half way up the main vent it turns into lava.  Lava is a very hot liquid which burns the remaining rocks from the magma.  The lava slowly continues up the main vent.  While going up the lava continues to get hotter and hotter. Ash and rocks are collected and the lava is getting hotter and hotter while the lava is continuing its way up the main vent.  When the lava is at the top of the main vent the volcano erupts.  The lava blasts out of the volcano along with ash, rocks, and a cloud of dust that is very thick.  The ash and rock crumble to the ground, but the lava is either moving down the volcano side very slowly or at a high speed.  The lava burns down almost everything in its way, and it sometimes leaves bits of things burning.  The lava from the volcano can cool fast, or sometimes  the lava will slowly cool down from its intense heat.  Lava that cools slowly forms igneous rocks.  There are many types of igneous rocks.  Volcanoes can damage themselves in the explosion.  A volcano literally blows its top off.   One of the volcanoes that has blown its top from an explosion is Mt. St. Helens.  Mt. St. Helens has erupted more than once.
Volcanoes can be under water or on land.  Volcanoes that are under water take a longer time than if they are on land because they are under water the water slows down the magma and lava but if the volcano is on land the lava and magma can move quicker up the main vent.  It just depends on the environment how fast the volcano can make the magma the magma makes lava and the volcano makes an explosion.  If the volcano is under water the cooled lava will probably make an island.  The Hawaiian Islands is an example of island made by a chain of volcanoes.  Now go back to the front page of our site and go to a different page on our site and of course be prepared to learn more about volcanoes.

As a tsunami leaves the deep water of the open ocean and travels into the shallower water near the coast, it transforms. A tsunami travels at a speed that is related to the water depth - hence, as the water depth decreases, the tsunami slows. The tsunami's energy flux, which is dependent on both its wave speed and wave height, remains nearly constant. Consequently, as the tsunami's speed diminishes as it travels into shallower water, its height grows. Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea, may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast. When it finally reaches the coast, a tsunami may appear as a rapidly rising or falling tide, a series of breaking waves, or even a bore.
As a tsunami approaches shore,  it begins to slow and grow in height. Just like other water waves, tsunamis begin to lose energy as they rush onshore - part of the wave energy is reflected offshore, while the shoreward-propagating wave energy is dissipated through bottom friction and turbulence. Despite these losses, tsunamis still reach the coast with tremendous amounts of energy. Tsunamis have great erosional potential, stripping beaches of sand that may have taken years to accumulate and undermining trees and other coastal vegetation. Capable of inundating, or flooding, hundreds of meters inland past the typical high-water level, the fast-moving water associated with the inundating tsunami can crush homes and other coastal structures. Tsunamis may reach a maximum vertical height onshore above sea level, often called a runup height, of 10, 20, and even 30 meters.